mineral

Rough Diamond

Diamond (Native Carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish/Tan, Luster: Adamantine to greasy (in rough form), Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic/octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish/Tan, Luster: Adamantine to greasy (in rough form), Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic/octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed at high pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle (140-190 km deep). Transported to the surface by kimberlite or lamproite volcanic eruptions. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in industrial cutting and grinding tools, or if gem quality, cut and polished for jewelry such as rings and necklaces.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The specific brownish hue seen here is often caused by plastic deformation of the crystal lattice during its journey to the surface.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by high hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), greasy luster, and common occurrence in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits. Found in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.