mineral

Quartz (Milky/Crystalline variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to white/milky, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65

Identified April 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to white/milky, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed through the cooling of magma or by precipitation from hydrothermal veins. It is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments across all geological ages.

Uses & applications

Used in glassmaking, electronics (piezoelectric properties), abrasives, construction sand, and as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.

Geological facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to chemical and physical weathering, which is why it's the primary component of most beach sand.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its ability to scratch glass and its lack of cleavage (it breaks in irregular, curvy shards). It is found globally in mountainous regions and riverbeds.

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral