Quartz (Milky/Crystalline variety)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to white/milky, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the cooling of magma or by precipitation from hydrothermal veins. It is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments across all geological ages.

Uses & Applications

Used in glassmaking, electronics (piezoelectric properties), abrasives, construction sand, and as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.

Geological Facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to chemical and physical weathering, which is why it's the primary component of most beach sand.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its ability to scratch glass and its lack of cleavage (it breaks in irregular, curvy shards). It is found globally in mountainous regions and riverbeds.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

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