mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (standard), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in four directions), Specific gravity: 3.52

Identified June 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions deep within the Earth's mantle (approx. 150-200 km deep). Transported to the surface via volcanic eruptions called kimberlite pipes. Geological age can range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in high-end jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces), industrial cutting and grinding tools, thermal conductors, and precision optics.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest natural substance known to man. They are essentially pure carbon. Scientists have discovered 'Diamond Planets' in space where carbon-rich stars have collapsed into crystalline structures.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by their extreme hardness, Adamantine luster, and typical octahedral crystal shape. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits. Collectors look for clarity, cut, color, and carat weight.