mineral

Citrine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Yellow to brownish orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous and metamorphic environments, specifically in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine is rare; many specimens are produced by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces) and for metaphysical/collecting purposes due to its vibrant color.

Geological facts

Known as the 'Merchant's Stone' or 'Success Stone' in folklore. Historically, it was confused with topaz. Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst, which turns yellow at approximately 560°C.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (will scratch glass), glassy luster, and lack of cleavage. In the field, look for hexagonal prisms and conchoidal fractures. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.

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