mineral
Rough Diamond
Diamond (pure Carbon, C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless, yellow, brown, or gray (as shown), Luster: Adamantine to greasy, Crystal structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.51
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless, yellow, brown, or gray (as shown), Luster: Adamantine to greasy, Crystal structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.51
Formation & geological history
Formed deep in the Earth's mantle (150-250km deep) under extreme pressure and temperature, transported to the surface by kimberlite or lamproite volcanic eruptions. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.
Uses & applications
Used in high-end jewelry (when cut/polished), industrial cutting, grinding, and drilling tools, and heat sinks for electronics.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth. It is composed of a single element: Carbon. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible or unbreakable.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by anything else), greasy appearance in the rough, and high thermal conductivity. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits.
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