mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Black to steel-gray (polished), reddish-brown (streak). Luster: Metallic to submetallic. Crystal structure: Trigonal / Hexagonal crystal system. Specific gravity: 4.9–5.3.

Hardness: 5
Color: Black to steel-gray (polished), reddish-brown (streak)
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified March 31, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic environments. Primarily occurs as a primary mineral and an alteration product in banded iron formations (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as the main ore of iron. In jewelry, it is polished for beads and carvings. Also used as a pigment (ochre) and as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

Hematite is the source of the red color on the surface of Mars. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima' (blood) due to its red streak and the reddish color found in many earth-toned specimens.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive reddish-brown streak when rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate. It is found in massive quantities in Lake Superior (USA), Brazil, Australia, and China. In the field, it is noted for its high density and cool feel.