Olivine (Peridot)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale; Color: Olive-green to brownish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Formation & Geological History

Formed deep in the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It is a primary mineral in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite.

Uses & Applications

Used as a gemstone (Peridot) in jewelry, as a flux for steel production, and as a refractory material in various industrial processes.

Geological Facts

Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's upper mantle and has also been found in meteorites (pallasites) and on the Moon and Mars.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color and granular texture within volcanic rocks. Commonly found in basaltic lava flows and at green sand beaches (like Papakōlea in Hawaii).

Identified on: 4/19/2026

Mode: Standard