mineral
Citrine
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden brown; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Pale yellow to golden brown
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden brown; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when silica-rich hydrothermal fluids crystallize. Natural citrine is rare and often forms in geodes or pegmatites.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and by crystal collectors for its aesthetic and alleged metaphysical properties.
Geological facts
Much of the citrine sold on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. Natural citrine is pleochroic, meaning it can show different colors when viewed from different angles.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct yellow color, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.
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Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
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Metamorphic Rock
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Biotite Schist
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metamorphic