mineral

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Hardness of 6-6.5 on the Mohs scale, brassy yellow to pale gold color, metallic luster, isometric crystal system with cubic, pyritohedral, or octahedral crystal habits, indistinct cleavage, and a specific gravity of around 5.0.

Identified July 31, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in a wide variety of geological environments, ranging from sedimentary rocks like shales and coal beds to hydrothermal vein deposits and metamorphic rocks, typically crystallizing from sulfur-rich aqueous solutions at low to high temperatures.

Uses & applications

Historically used as a source of sulfur and iron, in early firearms (matchlock and flintlock mechanisms), currently popular in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and as a sought-after specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Commonly known as 'Fool's Gold' due to its superficial resemblance to gold, pyrite actually has a higher hardness and brittle nature, leaving a greenish-black streak compared to gold's yellow streak.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its brassy metallic color, high hardness (cannot be scratched with a copper penny), brittle cubic or pyritohedral crystals, and dark streak. Found worldwide with major deposits in Peru, Spain, Italy, and the United States.