metamorphic
White Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Creamy white to pale yellow (mutton fat jade); Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous amphibole; Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); SG: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Creamy white to pale yellow (mutton fat jade)
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Creamy white to pale yellow (mutton fat jade); Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous amphibole; Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); SG: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or from the alteration of ultramafic rocks in the presence of calcium-rich fluids.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in fine jewelry (bangles, beads), traditional carvings, and ornamental art. Historically used for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than jadeite because of its felted, interlocking grain structure. In Chinese culture, white nephrite is known as 'Mutton Fat Jade' and is held in higher esteem than gold.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel and high density. Field identification includes testing for toughness (it does not chip easily) and its ability to scratch glass but be scratched by a quartz point. Common in China, Russia, Canada, and New Zealand.
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