metamorphic
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon-rich mineraloid)
Hardness: 2.5–3.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel gray with a metallic luster; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Black to steel gray with a metallic luster
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5–3.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel gray with a metallic luster; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from bitumous coal through high pressure and temperature during regional metamorphism, typically in fold mountain belts. Age ranges from Carboniferous (300 million years) to younger deposits.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for high-grade domestic and industrial heating due to high energy density and low impurities. Also used in water filtration systems and as a source for carbon black.
Geological facts
Anthracite is the highest rank of coal, containing 86% to 98% carbon. Unlike other coals, it burns with a clean, blue flame and produces very little smoke or soot.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'hard' feel compared to other coals, its sub-metallic luster, and its inability to stain fingers. It is commonly found in eastern Pennsylvania (Appalachians) and high-density mining regions globally like China and Russia.
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