mineral

Sphalerite with Galena

Zinc Sulfide ((Zn,Fe)S) and Lead Sulfide (PbS)

Mohs hardness 3.5-4 (Sphalerite) and 2.5 (Galena); Color varies from yellow, brown, to metallic silver-grey; Resin-like to metallic luster; Isometric/Cubic crystal system; Perfect cleavage in multiple directions.

Identified March 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through hydrothermal processes in low to medium temperature vein deposits, often replacing limestone or dolomite through metasomatism; geologic age varies by deposit locality.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of zinc and lead; used in the production of galvanizing steel, batteries, and solders; significant for mineral collectors due to complex crystal habits.

Geological facts

Sphalerite is often called 'Black-Jack' by miners when dark in color. It is notable for having a 'rotten egg' smell when scratched or treated with hydrochloric acid due to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas.

Field identification & locations

Identified by high density (heavy for its size), resinous luster on fresh surfaces, and the metallic grey streak of the associated galena; commonly found in Missouri (Tri-State district), Mexico, and Peru.

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