Diamond

Physical Properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (rarely fancy colors), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & Geological History

Formed at high pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle (140-190 km depth). Transported to the surface by kimberlite and lamproite pipes. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & Applications

Primary use in jewelry and as an abrasive in industrial cutting, drilling, and grinding. Also used in high-performance electronics and heat sinks.

Geological Facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known. The name is derived from the Greek 'adamas', meaning unbreakable. It is the only gemstone made of a single element (99.95% carbon).

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), high thermal conductivity, and adamantine luster. Found in alluvial deposits and kimberlite pipes located in ancient cratons.

Identified on: 5/1/2026

Mode: Standard