mineral
Quartz (Clear/Crystalline)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless/White; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal prism; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Colorless/White
- Luster
- Vitreous/Glassy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless/White; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal prism; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed through the cooling of silica-rich magma or from hydrothermal veins. It is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments across all geological ages.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in glassmaking, abrasives, quartz watches (piezoelectricity), electronics, and as a popular gemstone for jewelry and metaphysical collecting.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to both chemical and physical weathering.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its hardness (ability to scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and hexagonal crystal habit. Common worldwide, especially in mountainous regions and riverbeds.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust
Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)
mineral
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic