mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: White/Grey/Translucent, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: White/Grey/Translucent, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments. It crystallizes from magma as it cools or precipitates from hydrothermal veins. It is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in glassmaking, electronics (piezoelectric properties), abrasives, construction as an aggregate, and jewelry/gemstone collecting.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It can withstand intense chemical and physical weathering, which is why it often makes up the majority of river and beach sands.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass and steel), lack of cleavage, and glassy appearance. Found globally in almost all geological environments.
