mineral
Quartz
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear to white to yellow/brown (due to iron staining), Luster: Vitreous, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear to white to yellow/brown (due to iron staining), Luster: Vitreous, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often crystallizes from silica-rich magmas or precipitates from hydrothermal solutions.
Uses & applications
Used in glassmaking, electronics, abrasives, and as a gemstone or collector's item.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It exhibits piezoelectricity, meaning it generates an electric charge when mechanical stress is applied.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Very common worldwide.
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Other mineral specimens
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust
Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)
mineral
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock