mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to white/yellowish, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to white/yellowish, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in almost all geological environments but frequently found in igneous rocks like granite or sedimentary riverbeds. It precipitates from hydrothermal solutions as geothermal waters cool.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in electronics (piezoelectric properties), glassmaking, construction as sand, and as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is chemically very stable and resistant to weathering, which is why it is the primary component of most beach sand.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass), glassy luster, and lack of cleavage planes. Commonly found in riverbeds, mountains, and beaches worldwide.
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Other mineral specimens
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust
Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)
mineral
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic