mineral

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless to white/grayish; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Colorless to white/grayish
Luster: Vitreous/Glassy

Identified July 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless to white/grayish; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed through the crystallization of silica-rich magma or from hydrothermal veins. It is a major constituent of many igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks and can be found in virtually all geological environments.

Uses & applications

Used widely in glass making, electronics (piezoelectric properties), abrasives, construction sand, and as gemstones or decorative carvings.

Geological facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is chemically very stable and resistant to weathering, which is why it is the primary component of beach sand.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (it will scratch glass), vitreous luster, and lack of cleavage (it breaks in curved, shell-like patterns). It is common in riverbeds, mountains, and gardens.