sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz Arenite)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock - Quartz Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-red to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None (fractures across grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-red to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None (fractures across grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Formed in high-energy environments like beaches, deserts, or riverbeds through lithification. Age varies by location, often millions of years old.
Uses & applications
Construction (building stone, flagstone), aquifers (groundwater storage), industrial sand for glass-making, and decorative architectural elements.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest are iconic examples of massive sandstone formations, colored by iron oxide (rust).
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture. It can be found globally in outcrops and riverbeds. Look for bedding layers or cross-lamination indicating ancient flow patterns.
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