metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lazurite-dominated contact metamorphic rock
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep blue with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite streaks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Aggregate, Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep blue with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite streaks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Aggregate, Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or marble is altered by hydrothermal processes. Major deposits are found in Afghanistan associated with ancient tectonic activity.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historical pigment (ultramarine blue). Highly valued by collectors for intense color and historical prestige.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. Before the 19th century, it was the only source for the rare pigment ultramarine used by Renaissance artists.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its characteristic 'royal blue' color and presence of metallic gold-colored pyrite inclusions. Found prominently in the Sar-e-Sang mines of Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.
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