mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: sky blue to blue-green, Luster: waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Identified April 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: sky blue to blue-green, Luster: waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed through the infiltration of moisture through alumina-rich rocks in the presence of copper and phosphate, usually in arid, volcanic, or sedimentary environments.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a popular collector specimen in its raw matrix form.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, used by Ancient Egyptians and Native Americans for over 5,000 years. The 'robins egg blue' color is highly prized, caused by copper content; iron content makes it greener.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique blue-green color within a tan or white host rock (matrix). Often found in the Southwestern USA, Iran, and China. In the field, look for bright blue veins in weathered volcanic rocks.

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Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

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Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

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mineral