Mineral, often a rock given its aggregate nature

Yellow Jade (often Serpentine or Dolomite)

Primarily Serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), though the term 'yellow jade' is also sometimes applied to varieties of true nephrite or jadeite.

Hardness: Serpentine (2
Luster: Waxy to greasy for serpentine

Identified November 1, 2025More mineral, often a rock given its aggregate nature →

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Physical properties

Hardness: Serpentine (2.5-5.5); Dolomite (3.5-4). Color: Various shades of yellow, cream, tan, brown, sometimes with reddish or greenish undertones. Luster: Waxy to greasy for serpentine; vitreous to pearly for dolomite. Crystal Structure: Serpentine (monoclinic or orthorhombic, often microcrystalline); Dolomite (trigonal, typically massive in these forms). Cleavage: Serpentine (one perfect, but rarely observed in massive forms); Dolomite (three directions, rhombohedral). Specific Gravity: Serpentine (2.5-2.6); Dolomite (2.8-2.9).

Formation & geological history

Serpentine forms through the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks (rich in magnesium and iron silicates) in metamorphic and hydrothermal environments, often found in subduction zones. Dolomite is a common carbonate mineral found in sedimentary rocks, formed as a replacement mineral of limestone during diagenesis or from primary precipitation in sabkha environments.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, and ornamental objects. Due to its often misleading name, it is a more affordable alternative to true jade.

Geological facts

The term 'jade' traditionally refers to two different minerals: nephrite and jadeite. While these are the 'true jades,' many other minerals and rocks are commercially marketed as 'jade' due to their similar appearance and workability. Yellow 'jade' is often serpentine or dyed quartz, dolomite, or calcsilicate minerals. It is important to know the distinction when purchasing 'jade' products.

Field identification & locations

In the field, distinguishing 'yellow jade' from true jade requires more than just visual inspection. True jade (nephrite and jadeite) is typically tougher and has a higher specific gravity. A scratch test (if ethical/possible) could help differentiate serpentine (softer) from more durable alternative materials. Yellow serpentine or dolomite are found in various locations worldwide; serpentine is common in metamorphic belts, while dolomite is widespread in ancient marine sedimentary sequences. Collectors should be aware of the misnomers in the gem trade.

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