metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Complex mixture containing Lazurite ((Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2), Calcite, and Pyrite
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue to violet-blue
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism, where heat and pressure from magmatic intrusions transform limestone or dolomite into a silicate-rich rock. Primary deposits are found in marble hosts and vary in age from Precambrian to Mesozoic.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, decorative carvings, and ornaments. Historically, it was the source for the pigment 'ultramarine' used in Renaissance paintings and is highly valued by collectors for its spiritual and aesthetic properties.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli has been mined for over 6,000 years, with the Sar-i Sang mines in Afghanistan being the world's oldest continuous mines. It was used in the funerary mask of Tutankhamun and was Cleopatra's preferred eye shadow pigment.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its intense blue color, the presence of golden pyrite flecks (brass-like inclusions), and white calcite veining. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Russia (Lake Baikal), Chile, and Myanmar. Be cautious of dyed 'howlite' or 'jasper' imitations.
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