metamorphic
Marble
Metamorphic Limestone (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white (though can be veined); Luster: Subvitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Rhombohedral (grainy texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in calcite grains; Specific gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pure white (though can be veined)
- Luster
- Subvitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white (though can be veined); Luster: Subvitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Rhombohedral (grainy texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in calcite grains; Specific gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the mineral calcite. Most marble was formed during regional metamorphism in convergent plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction (tiles, countertops), sculpture, and as an acid neutralizer in the chemical industry. Highly pure white marble is prized by artists.
Geological facts
The word 'marble' derives from the Ancient Greek 'mármaros', meaning 'crystalline rock, shining stone'. Famous structures made of marble include the Taj Mahal and the Parthenon.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its softness (can be scratched by a copper penny) and its vigorous reaction (effervescence) when exposed to a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid. It is commonly found in mountainous regions or areas with ancient seafloor deposits.
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