metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive to dark green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good but rarely visible due to interlocking fibers; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive to dark green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive to dark green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good but rarely visible due to interlocking fibers; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich carbonate rocks (dolomite) or ultrabasic igneous rocks (serpentinite) under high pressure and relatively low temperatures.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, sculptures, and historical tool-making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel because of its felted, interlocking fibrous structure. It has been used for over 5,000 years in China, where it is known as the 'Stone of Heaven.'
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster when polished and its cool temperature to the touch. It is commonly found in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, China, and Wyoming (USA). Collectors look for uniform color and translucency.
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