mineral

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5-3 (Mohs scale); Color: Copper-red on fresh surfaces, weathering to dull brown or green (malachite); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.9

Hardness: 2
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-3 (Mohs scale); Color: Copper-red on fresh surfaces, weathering to dull brown or green (malachite); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.9

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins or as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. Often found in basaltic lavas or sedimentary rocks via chemical precipitation. Major deposits date from the Precambrian to more recent geological eras.

Uses & applications

Primary use is industrial (electrical wiring, plumbing, electronics). Native specimens are highly valued by mineral collectors. Historically used for jewelry, currency, and tools.

Geological facts

Copper was the first metal ever manipulated by humans. The largest native copper deposits in the world are located in Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula, where mass copper boulders weighing several tons have been found.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density (heavy feel), metallic copper-red color, and green oxidation (patina). It is malleable and can be bent or flattened without shattering. Commonly found in Michigan (USA), Arizona (USA), Chile, and Australia.