sedimentary
Red Sandstone
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (typically contains Quartz and Iron Oxide)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Rusty red, orange, or reddish-brown; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale)
- Color
- Rusty red, orange, or reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Rusty red, orange, or reddish-brown; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The red color is usually due to the presence of iron oxide (hematite) coating the grains, indicating formation in an oxygen-rich environment such as a desert or riverbed.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material (building stone, paving), in decorative landscaping, and as a source of industrial sand. Fine specimens are used in lithic art or as abrasives.
Geological facts
Red sandstone is a major component of famous geological formations like the Grand Canyon and the Red Rocks of Sedona. It is very porous and often acts as a significant aquifer for groundwater storage.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). It is commonly found in arid regions, ancient desert basins, and river deltas worldwide. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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