sedimentary
Red Sandstone
Arenite (typically with iron oxide/hematite cement)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown to terracotta; Luster: dull/earthy; Texture: granular and abrasive; Structure: clastic with visible stratification or bedding planes.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- reddish-brown to terracotta
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown to terracotta; Luster: dull/earthy; Texture: granular and abrasive; Structure: clastic with visible stratification or bedding planes.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized minerals (mostly quartz and feldspar) in arid environments, river beds, or shallow seas. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygen-rich environment where iron minerals oxidized. Age can vary from thousands to hundreds of millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction and architecture (facades, paving), as an abrasive in industrial applications, and occasionally for garden landscaping or stone carving.
Geological facts
Red sandstone is famous for creating the iconic landscapes of the American Southwest, such as the Grand Canyon and Sedona. It is also the primary material used in many historic buildings worldwide, including the 'Red City' of Petra.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and distinct parallel layering or cross-bedding. Commonly found in desert regions and ancient sedimentary basins.
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