mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with trace Chromium/Vanadium

Hardness: 7.5 to 8.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Vivid green to bluish green. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (six-sided prisms). Cleavage: Imperfect/Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic or hydrothermal environments where beryllium interacts with chromium or vanadium. Often found in mica schists or calcite veins within limestone. Age varies significantly by deposit, from hundreds of millions to billions of years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in high-end jewelry. High-quality specimens are also highly prized by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Emeralds are the birthstone for May. Unlike many other gemstones, internal inclusions (often called 'jardin' or the garden) are expected and can actually prove the stone's natural origin. The most famous emeralds come from Colombia.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct hexagonal crystal habit and intense green color that does not change under broad light. Commonly found in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors look for clarity, saturation of color, and well-defined crystal faces.

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