Aquamarine

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7.5-8 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to deep cyan; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.90

Formation & Geological History

Formed in pegmatites, also found in metamorphic rocks like schists and in alluvial deposits. They originate from hydrothermal activity where beryllium-enriched fluids crystallize during the late stages of magma cooling.

Uses & Applications

Primary use is in high-end jewelry as gemstones; also valued as mineral specimens for collectors. Beryllium is sometimes extracted for industrial use in aerospace and telecommunications.

Geological Facts

Aquamarine is the birthstone for March. Its name is derived from the Latin 'aqua marina' meaning 'water of the sea'. The largest gem-quality aquamarine ever found was the 'Dom Pedro', weighing approximately 10,000 carats.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its hexagonal crystal habit, hardness (it will scratch glass and quartz), and characteristic blue-green color. Commonly found in Brazil, Pakistan, and the Ural Mountains of Russia.

Identified on: 4/20/2026

Mode: Standard