mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black, steel-gray, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Black, steel-gray, or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black, steel-gray, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary iron formations through precipitation in ancient waters (often Precambrian), or as an oxidation product of other iron-bearing minerals in volcanic/hydrothermal environments.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for industrial steel production; used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for jewelry and carvings.

Geological facts

Hematite gets its name from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, because of its characteristic red streak and the way it colors water red when powdered. It is also the mineral responsible for the reddish appearance of Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by performing a streak test: even if the specimen looks black or metallic, it will leave a rust-red or brownish-red streak on unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in banded iron formations in locations like the Lake Superior region, Brazil, and Australia.