metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.9–3.1
- Hardness
- 6–6
- Color
- Deep forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.9–3.1
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. It is characterized by an extremely tough, felted structure of interlocking tremolite-actinolite fibers.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for durable tools and weapons due to its exceptional toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It was highly valued in ancient China, where it was called 'the Stone of Heaven' and symbolized virtue and immortality.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' luster when polished, high density, and extreme resistance to fracturing. Found commonly in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and China. Collectors look for uniform color and translucency.
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