sedimentary
Sandstone (with Lichen)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains); Color: Tan, grey, and brown with white/green surface lichen; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None (fractures around grains)
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains)
- Color
- Tan, grey, and brown with white/green surface lichen
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains); Color: Tan, grey, and brown with white/green surface lichen; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None (fractures around grains)
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years (often Paleozoic to Mesozoic era).
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, flagstone for landscaping, glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as a reservoir rock for oil and gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. This specific specimen is host to crustose lichen, which contributes to biological weathering over time.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible bedding planes. Common in arid regions and coastal cliffs. Check for reaction with HCl; if it fizzes, it has a calcitic cement.
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