mineral

Carnelian (Orange Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, often translucent; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58–2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, reddish-brown, often translucent
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified April 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz within cavities of volcanic rocks or sedimentary environments. The orange hue is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities. It can date back millions of years depending on the host rock.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone for jewelry (beads, cabochons, rings), ornamental carvings, and historical seal stones. Also valued by rock collectors and metaphysical practitioners.

Geological facts

In antiquity, Carnelian was believed to protect the wearer from bad luck and anger. It was a favorite of the Romans and Egyptians for making cylinder seals and signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its waxy luster, conchoidal (shell-like) fracture, and translucent edges when held to a light source. Commonly found in riverbeds, beaches, and areas of ancient volcanic activity such as Brazil, India, and the Pacific Northwest, USA.