metamorphic
Serpentine (Serpentinite)
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile; (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3–6 on Mohs scale; Color: Olive green to yellow-green with darker mottled patches; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor/none; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 3–6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Olive green to yellow-green with darker mottled patches
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3–6 on Mohs scale; Color: Olive green to yellow-green with darker mottled patches; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor/none; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in the Earth's mantle or oceanic crust, typically at convergent plate boundaries. Most specimens are from the Paleozoic or Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Used for ornamental carvings, gemstone cabochons (sometimes as 'New Jade'), building facades, and as a source of magnesium. Historically used for architectural columns.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California; it is known as 'New Jade' in the gemstone market because its appearance is similar to true jade, though it is much softer.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy 'slippery' feel and dark green mottled patterns resembling snakeskin. Found commonly in mountain ranges with ophiolite sequences like the Appalachians, Alps, and Urals.
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