Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized minerals or rock grains. Common in desert, river delta, and beach environments across all geological ages from Precambrian to recent.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in construction as dimension stone, road base, and as an aquifer for groundwater and reservoirs for petroleum and natural gas.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations like the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Sedona are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. Easily found in riverbeds, canyons, and sedimentary basins. It often shows distinct layering or bedding planes.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

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