mineral

Hematite (Iron Ore)

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Metallic gray to black or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Structure: Trigonal crystal system; Fracture: Uneven/subconchoidal; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified March 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Metallic gray to black or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Structure: Trigonal crystal system; Fracture: Uneven/subconchoidal; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water, often appearing in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs). It can also form in igneous or metamorphic settings via hydrothermal fluids or volcanic sublimation.

Uses & applications

Primary source of iron for steel production; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paints (ochre), and in jewelry/beads when polished.

Geological facts

Hematite gets its name from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red color of its streak and powdered form. It is the mineral responsible for the reddish tint of the Martian surface.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by performing a streak test: regardless of the specimen color, hematite will always leave a reddish-brown streak. It is often found in Great Lakes region (USA), Brazil, and Australia. Collectors should look for its high density relative to its size.