metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to spinach green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark green to spinach green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to spinach green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like dolomite) by silica-rich fluids, often associated with subduction zones and serpentinite belts. It is commonly found in alluvial deposits as waterworn cobbles.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (pendants, beads), ornamental carvings, sculptures, and historically for tools and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is famous for its incredible toughness, which is even higher than diamond, making it very difficult to break despite being less hard. It has been used for over 5,000 years in China and by the Maori of New Zealand.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy/greasy luster when wet, high density (feels heavy for its size), and extreme resistance to impact. Common in British Columbia, New Zealand, and Wyoming.
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