metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Complex rock primarily of Lazurite ((Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl,OH)2), with Pyrite and Calcite
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue to violet-blue
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by granitic or alkaline intrusions. Ancient sources in Afghanistan date back over 6,000 years to the Sar-e-Sang mines.
Uses & applications
Used widely in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, lapidary arts, and historically ground into the pigment 'Ultramarine' for fine art paints.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli was the source of the world's most expensive pigment, Ultramarine, used by Renaissance masters. It was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians, who believed it symbolized the starry night sky and used it in King Tutankhamun's burial mask.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its unique 'starry' look caused by gold-colored Pyrite specks and white Calcite veining. It streaks bright blue on a porcelain plate. Primarily found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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