sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, reddish-brown, grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, reddish-brown, grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, reddish-brown, grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and compaction of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish-brown staining suggests the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) as a cementing agent or coating.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a building material, road base, or in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics when high in silica.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust. It often preserves fossils and sedimentary structures like ripple marks or cross-bedding from ancient environments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Commonly found in desert environments, river beds, and coastal basins.
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