sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (Fe-oxide enriched)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown, orange-tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, porous (clastic); Composition: Quartz grains cemented by iron oxide.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, orange-tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown, orange-tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, porous (clastic); Composition: Quartz grains cemented by iron oxide.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates an oxygen-rich environment where iron minerals oxidized during lithification.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as a building stone or road base; crushed for industrial sand; occasionally used in aquarium decor or landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red color is often due to the presence of hematite or limonite acting as a natural cement between quartz grains.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible small grains. Commonly found in desert environments, river basins, and coastal areas.
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