sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porous structure
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish-orange due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porous structure
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. This specimen shows heavy staining from iron-rich groundwater.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stones, and as a reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater in geological formations.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red and brown colors are often caused by the presence of Hematite or Goethite coating the sand grains.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in canyon walls, riverbanks, and sedimentary basins.
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