sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron-Oxide Cement
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (granular); Color: Tan, brown, and yellowish-ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs (granular)
- Color
- Tan, brown, and yellowish-ochre
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (granular); Color: Tan, brown, and yellowish-ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles (mostly quartz) in environments like riverbeds, deserts, or coastal areas. The yellowish tint suggests iron oxide (limonite) staining.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material, for paving stones, or in the manufacturing of glass if high in silica. This specific small piece has minimal industrial use.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth, making up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary crust. It is often a reservoir for groundwater and oil.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide. Look for bedding planes or layers in larger outcrops.
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