sedimentary
Sandstone (Iron-stained)
Arenite with Limonite/Hematite staining
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange-brown, tan, ochre; Luster: Dull to earthy; Feel: Gritty (sand-like); Structure: Fine to medium grained clastic sediment
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Orange-brown, tan, ochre
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange-brown, tan, ochre; Luster: Dull to earthy; Feel: Gritty (sand-like); Structure: Fine to medium grained clastic sediment
Formation & geological history
Formed from the compaction and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The orange color is due to the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals (limonite or hematite) within the rock matrix or as a coating on grains.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a building material, decorative stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and concrete. Also serves as a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for approximately 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'red beds' of the American Southwest are famous examples of iron-stained sandstone landscapes.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. It is commonly found in desert environments, riverbeds, and ancient marine basins.
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