sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Arkosic or Ferruginous)
Arenite (SiO2 with iron oxides or feldspar)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porosity: High; Cleavage: None
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or ochre
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porosity: High; Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, masonry, and as a reservoir rock for oil and gas. Small specimens are used in landscaping and education.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon are primarily layers of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sand-paper-like texture. It will often rub off small grains when scratched. Found globally in basins and sedimentary outcroppings.
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