sedimentary
Sandstone (Limonitic/Arkose)
Sandstone (primarily SiO2 with FeO(OH)·nH2O)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: yellow, tan, or rusty brown; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand grains; Cleavage: none.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- yellow, tan, or rusty brown
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: yellow, tan, or rusty brown; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand grains; Cleavage: none.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, often in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. The yellow color indicates iron oxide staining (limonite).
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction, road base material, as an architectural building stone, and as a source for glass-making sand if pure.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient water bodies; it is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel. Use a magnifying glass to see individual grains. Often found in layered outcrops or canyons.
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