sedimentary
Sandstone (lithic/quartz variant)
Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 predominant)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, buff, light brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous (granular); Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- tan, buff, light brown
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, buff, light brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous (granular); Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert or marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as cladding, paving material, and as a source for industrial sand.
Geological facts
Sandstone comprises about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous Red Rocks of Colorado and the Petra ruins in Jordan are carved from sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Common in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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