sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Sandstone (composed primarily of Quartz: SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in fluvial, marine, or desert environments. This specimen shows significant rounding typical of transport by water in a riverbed.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction and masonry, as an abrasive agent, and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry. Rounded cobbles like this are common in landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10 to 25 percent of the sedimentary rocks on Earth. The color is often determined by the cementing material, with iron oxides producing red or brown hues.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Commonly found in riverbeds, beaches, and canyons. Highly abundant worldwide.
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