sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, cream; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Structure: Massive or bedded.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, yellowish-brown, cream
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, cream; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Structure: Massive or bedded.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, mostly quartz. Typically deposited in river, desert, or marine environments over millions of years through lithification.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, paving, landscaping, and as a raw material for glass manufacturing. In art and history, it has been used for carving and monuments.
Geological facts
Sandstone can be highly porous and often acts as a significant aquifer for groundwater or a reservoir for oil and natural gas. Some sandstones preserve spectacular ripple marks from ancient waters.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for colorful banding or iron staining (Liesegang rings).
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