sedimentary
Sandstone with Iron Staining
Arenite (SiO2 with FeO(OH) impurities)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, ochre
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains, typically quartz and feldspar, in high-energy environments like rivers or deserts. The brownish color is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals (limonite or hematite).
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the production of glass and industrial abrasives. Primary source for groundwater aquifers.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it an excellent reservoir for water and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Found globally in canyon walls, river beds, and coastal outcrops. Check for layering (bedding planes).
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